Application of anti -shovel excavators in highway construction

The excavator is one of the main construction machinery in the earth and rock engineering. It is mainly composed of power devices, transmission systems, mobile systems, rotary mechanisms, manipulation mechanisms, electrical equipment and work devices. Among them, the work device is replaced by a dozen types according to the work requirements, so it is widely used in various projects such as highways, railways, buildings, mines, water conservancy, national defense. According to statistics, about 60%of the earth and stone projects in various projects are completed by the excavation machine. At present, anti -shovel excavators are mainly used in highway engineering, and the application of anti -shovel excavators in highway construction is introduced below.

1. Basic homework of anti -shovel digging machine

Anti -shovel excavators are mainly used for excavation of earth and stones in highway construction. The basic operating methods include trench excavation and trench excavation.

1.1, ditch excavation

During excavation, the anti -shovel excavator gradually retreated along the ditch and excavated backwards. The dumping car is parked on the side of the ditch, and the mobility of the soil can be removed by 40 ° ~ 45 °. If the trench width is twice the anti -shovel excavator*excavation radius (that is, the anti -shovel excavator is stopped at a range of 180 °), then the dumping car can only stop the anti -shovel digging excavation On the side of the soil machine, the excavated motor arm needs to be transferred at 90 ° to remove it. If the trench width exceeds twice the large excavation radius, it needs to be excavated in sections, that is, after the anti -shovel excavatus machine is retreating to the end, the reverse excavation of the conversion position at the end is adjacent to the adjacent section. The excavation width of each section of this method should not be too large. The principle of driving on the side of the ditch can be reduced, which can reduce the time of each working cycle and improve the operating efficiency of mechanical operations.

1.2 Trench excavation

Anti -shovel excavators are excavated on the side of the ditch. The car is raised at the trench. This method can only excavate the width (ditch width) each time it can only be within its excavation radius. The disadvantage is that the slope of the trench is large.

2. The construction operation of anti -shovel excavation machine

Anti -shovel excavators are often used to excavate ditches and filling embankments in highway engineering construction. Generally, they need to be cooperated with dumping cars. In the construction of roads and rocks, first of all, according to the construction conditions of the site (such as the terrain, the location of the soil, the soil level, the block degree of the stone), the volume of the soil and stone, the construction progress, etc. Fighting and bucket capacity, and then design the construction plan according to the performance of the selected anti -shovel excavators (the length of the moving arm and the handle, the excavation radius, and the depth of the excavation).

    2.1 Excavation Road 

When excavating the road, the soil should be removed strictly in accordance with the longitudinal and horizontal surface of the road, and it should not exceed or owe it. In order to correctly make the construction plan of the excavation of the road 的, first of all, according to the performance of the selected anti -shovel excavator machine, the work section diagram of the excavator is designed properly, and then it should be painted on the same proportion of the road. The work section diagram of various arrangements is produced, and the construction plan is determined from it. The construction plan shall make the number of trains, the number of transfer of transportation roads and the minimum of the soil corners; the depth of each section (palm surface) of each excavation track shall not exceed that the soil and the excavator can be allowed to allow The depth; the excavation road should have a large slow slope to facilitate the transportation of dump trucks and drainage in the rainy season. The work section diagram of the anti -shovel excavation machine should indicate the excavation lane (excavation level), the pile number, the position of the dump truck, and the curve outline of the working section. In addition, there should also be a work section map at the number of mileage piles of the longitudinal diagram to accurately determine the excavation location, working road, and calculating the amount of earthwork.

2.2 Filling the road embankment

In order to speed up the construction progress and save construction costs, anti -shovel excavator excavation roads are generally combined with the embankment, that is, the earth and stones excavated by anti -shovel excavators to fill the embankment (referred to as the excavation). If the soil and stones dug out of the road are not suitable for filling the embankment (such as: viscosity soil with greater water and water content), or the amount of soil and stone required for the filled dikes, The soil fills the embankment. That is, the favorable terrain is opened in the selected soil field, and the economic and reasonable construction method is used to dig out the required soil volume from anti -shovel excavators to transport the soil to the soil. , Compact machinery, etc.) Fill in the road embankment together. However, the anti -shovel excavator and the dumping vehicles and other soil and stone engineering machinery must be designed in advance to design the construction plan.

In order to improve the quality of construction and accelerate the construction progress, anti -shovel excavators and dump cars and other earth and stone construction machinery cooperate in construction, and often organize flowing operations. When designing flowing operation procedures, reasonable organizations should be reasonably organized according to the total number of engineering, the length of the road, the direction and speed of the flowing water, and the construction period. The running operation is based on anti -shovel excavators as the leading machinery. First of all, the productivity and quantity of the anti -shovel excavator must be determined based on the total amount of the project and the construction period. Productivity and quantity of automobiles, bulldozers, flat -ground machines, and rollers). The productivity of the operating machinery must be slightly reserved to give full play to the production capacity of anti -shovel digging machines.